

No, this is showing a counterexample, which would render the original theory moot. If we find a planet tomorrow that pushes you away rather than attracting you, then Newton’s theory of gravitation is (probably) no longer a valid model of the real world, or would have to be revised. That is just how science works.
If it’s a one time thing, it wouldn’t take very long. Redistribution would have to be a continuous process.
Markets inherently create inequalities. You can also verify this for yourself by playing something like Eco (where all players start with the same wealth) for a like a week and then watching everyone complain about inequality.